The labor market has become one of the main indicators of the depth of the economic crisis on Russia. According to the Federal State Statistics Service, registered unemployment in September 2008 amounted to some 1.2 million people, up to April 2009 jumped to 2.3 million. Summer lull a little "shot down the temperature, but only up to 2.1 million unemployed at the beginning of September. In this case, the actual number of Russians who do not have work, estimated at 6.3 million, which is comparable to 1995 levels. About what anti-crisis measures taken by the state labor market, in an interview with the special correspondent of RIA Novosti news agency Ekaterina Efimova told the head of the Federal Service for Labour and Employment Yuri Hertz. Yuri Viktorovich, what key changes have occurred in the Russian labor market during the year of crisis? First of all, we changed the approach to participation in the ongoing state of the labor market processes in terms of the relationship of employer and employee. We have focused on the support of the employer to maintain the staff and reduce the level of registered unemployment. Thus, in difficult economic circumstances, it was decided to develop a regional program to stabilize the situation in labor markets and substantial government funding of these programs. Their realization, coupled with other efforts the state will prevent the release of about three million people who could potentially become unemployed. In one form or another, they keep a job. Thus, we were able to prevent a sharp rise in registered unemployment. Representatives of some professions were the most difficult situation? First of all, in a critical situation were donor regions, regions with high industrial development. There was a decline of interest in those products they produce. It's such industries as metallurgy, industrial production, energy sector. People engaged in these areas, especially under threat of dismissal. Experts predict the autumn surge in unemployment. Will he? I would not call it a surge, but historically autumn and early winter, we are characterized by an increase in the number of citizens in the employment services. Expected inflows from the people who worked in the summer in his dacha plots, just resting, were employed in temporary agricultural operations. In addition, we expect the inflow and employment services for graduates from all forms of vocational education, who can not find jobs in their field. We assume that the total number of such appeals could reach 350-400 thousand. Since the end of April in Russia is insignificant, but it decreases registered unemployment. Earlier, the Health Ministry asked the projected scope of 2,2-2,8 million unemployed in 2009. You are inclined to estimate 2.6 million people. Did they change predictions? I assume that this figure will be somewhat less - at 100-150 thousand, ie up to 2,5 million people. How much money has sent the federal budget to stabilize the situation in the regions, how effectively they learn? Initially, the decision of the Government's program has been allocated nearly 43.7 billion rubles. And if at the beginning of this year's program in the region have only half that amount, but now, after adjustment, funding for anti-crisis measures in the regional labor markets is more than 30 billion 316 million rubles. Adjusted their programs toward increasing the number of participants in 38 regions, the work continues. Let me remind you that the programs include areas such as the advanced training of workers at risk of dismissal, public works, training for the unemployed and graduates, helping to relocate to another locality for employment, and assistance in starting a business. How many Russians are on the verge of dismissal, to get real help for these programs? As of September 8, in programs involving 1,109,000 900. It was assumed that this kind of support will be covered in 2009, 2 million people, but the trends in the economy gave way to more positive, many businesses overcome temporary difficulties, have returned to production. In this regard, in our estimation, at year-end number of participants will be 1,55-1,6 million. Russians are reluctant to move to another region, even if there is work. Of the nearly 17,000 participants planned for this routine to join Only 4.7 thousand people. How can I fix this situation? Compensation for accommodation is 550 rubles per day, the money can rent a house, and many Russians would like to move to where there is work for permanent residence. Apparently, in the future to provide some financial opportunities for resettlement relocating: the furnishing housing or repairs. In many towns in rural areas, for example, have abandoned homes, which can be put in order and live there. Whatever it was, almost 5,000 people moved to another place and got a job on their profile. Do not forget that our people traditionally do not like to change their place of residence, and above all they are worried about the social infrastructure: access to health clinics, kindergartens and schools. But we hope that by the end of the year, largely due to young people, this routine will participate 15 thousand people. What is routine self-employment, how many Russians want to start a business? More than 27,000 people have already received support for the year we expect 64,000 participants. A simple example of the Kirov region: 55-year-old mechanic, repairman, left in March without a job, he turned to the employment service with a business plan for the production of windows and doors. The man got paid almost 60 thousand rubles for the opening of the business, as well as compensation of 550 rubles for a notary and legal costs. Machine tools for woodworking any he had, bought an additional milling machine and other equipment. Says that its products are willing to buy people from nearby settlements, that is, business has gone. Does frequent violations of labor rights of workers in a crisis? If in respect of compliance with workplace safety, we see some of the problems - employers have significantly reduced their spending on this article - that the arrears of wages, on the contrary, things are better. According to the Federal State Statistics Service on August 1, the total wage arrears amounted to about 6,5 million rubles, down in July by almost 10%. In general for violations of labor laws in the first half of the administrative responsibilities involved more than 66,000 officers responsible and legal persons - almost 12% more than in the first half of 2008. The country's leadership has repeatedly said that the crisis gives impetus to our economy, which will be released from it to date. What specialties do not have enough in Russia for long-term economic development, from your point of view? These are the professions, representatives of which could clearly predict the development of the economic situation. By developing new technologies that we talk a lot, also need specialists. Our graduates, I believe, are sufficiently flexible in terms of learning new professions. Engaging them, you can create new directions. What will be the shortage of labor resources in Russia in the 10-year term, and what resources it needs to cover? I believe that in the 10-year perspective, we lack in the labor force should not be. Developing industry and correctly placing the productive capacity, we can adjust the process and the need for labor due to internal migration and by attracting foreign labor force. Internal migration, as shown by the program, still poorly developed. Who will develop the eastern Siberia, where we have many major projects, including oil and gas industry? This is only the first steps, not all worked out. We can recall our eight years of experience resettlement programs unemployed, who were not financially supported, but it works. There is also a material resources. And if you provide means for furnishing housing for the person who decided to open another location in its case, the program will go fun. Let me remind you that the potential entrepreneurs to the state is now helping with the legal registration and pay the "overhead" in the amount of the annual maximum unemployment benefit - 58,8 thousand rubles. I also believe that our economy is very acceptable in shifts of work, which is interesting from the standpoint of rational allocation of labor resources and a permanent contingent of the population. Firstly, it is not burdensome for both the state and the employer, on the other hand - gives a positive outcome. Did you watch the flow of unskilled migrant workers in Russia against the background of "leakage" of our highly skilled professionals to the West? Those migrants who come to us do not make even 5% of highly skilled professionals, it's really mostly the representatives of those professions that are not very attractive for Russian citizens. With a clear prediction of the needs of the Russian economy in the foreign labor force, no threats from migrants we have not. As for the "brain drain", it is well known that often go abroad for young professionals. We must set ourselves the task to hold them, to create attractive conditions in those industries and those companies for which they were prepared. Internships in companies that we are now actively supporting, is the first step. Russia has not stopped the debate about retirement age. What do you think would say it increases the situation with human resources? In Russia, many retirees continue to work, and it is normal practice. State expenditures for the content of such a retiree is much less: it does not apply for social assistance, sick leave him paid by the employer. I think that now pose the question that pensioners adversely affect the situation of human resources is impossible. Today's retirement age, I think, quite justified. Portal Bank.ru Materials Rihanna.
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