Today in the suburban Bor these issues will be discussed at the traditional meeting of the Association of regional banks with the leadership of the Central Bank. On the eve of the head of the association, Anatoly Aksakov told the "RG", what other suggestions are going to address it, the bankers. Rossiyskaya Gazeta: What is now most concerned with your colleagues? Anatoly Aksakov: Plans for the Central Bank's gradual exit from the crisis management measures. Of course, failure is not growing as fast as before. But until the economy recovers fully, it will still create "headaches" banks to divert their forces and resources. A Central Bank has already announced the decommissioning of anti-crisis measures. RG: Do you think - early? Aksakov: Yes, as long as banks are not willing to return the pre-crisis rules - following last year the number of unprofitable lending institutions has increased threefold. But the problems of the banking sector, as all have seen, reflected in the overall economy. RG: But to him and provided the most powerful state support. However, for example, despite the subsidy rates on car loans continue to grow. Aksakov: Issuing auto loans and grants to conduct private farming is another problem, which want to draw the attention of many banks. They are currently working in this field for state programs. This is a useful thing. When granting loans to private subsidiary farming for gosschet banks receive subsidies, fully covering the refinancing, with auto loans - government support is two-thirds of that rate. The idea is that together with the reduction rate loans should also become cheaper. But in practice this does not happen. The fact that the money attracted by banks from the market, slowly getting cheaper, and lenders do not have time to lower their rates at the same pace, which goes down the refinancing rate. And if you look at statistics, you get: the refinancing rate fell, and the financial burden on the borrower did not decrease. For example, for loans to carry private farming it at the beginning of the year at a high rate of CB was 3 percent, and at the end of the year - 7 percent. The cost of auto loans in August last year reached 7.67 percent in November - has risen to 9 percent. Bankers propose to revise the procedure for calculating subsidies to eliminate such bias. But exactly how - this is still a question for discussion. RG: the amendments to the bankruptcy law under which the companies will start to financial recovery procedure. Bankers are ready for this? Aksakov: In general, we support the idea: the creditors themselves need a "live" borrower. Moreover, some colleagues propose to prescribe the law that the adoption of measures for rehabilitation should be the responsibility of owners and managers of pre-bankruptcy of enterprises. And at the same time to determine their responsibility for the rejection of such measures - up to criminal punishment. There is even the idea of ??creating a "black list" of managers and owners who have allowed the bankruptcy of enterprises. And it includes a must deprive them of opportunities for leadership positions, creation of new businesses or joining one of the founders of an existing company. Parallel need to strengthen collateral laws. Looking for severe penalties for repeated pledge the same property. Should be punished and for the withdrawal of assets - because they are often judged as the bank, the debtor is hiding assets, and when it comes to the execution of court decisions from the property there is nothing left. And should be punished, again, not only managers but also owners who gave them such instructions. True, we must admit that in court cases concerning the intentional withdrawal of assets, bringing the company into bankruptcy proved very difficult. RG: And for the people you are proposing to introduce a new pledge - a bank deposit. How will he act? Aksakov: Now this form of collateral as cash at bank accounts, the law is not spelled out. And the result is a strange situation: you, for example, a contributor to the bank and at the same time want to get him a loan. It would seem that if the borrower refuses to pay, the lender can take the money. But under current law without a court order to transfer these funds to repay the loans can not. We propose to fix it, that means both would constitute a collateral for the loan. In this case, the borrower would have to agree that the money he will not be able to withdraw. But as soon as people pay off the loan in full, it will return a pledge, so even with interest. But the bank there are additional "long" money that he can use to issue new loans. RG: The Central Bank has been a lot said about what needs barriers to speculative capital. What? Aksakov: The main trouble is that our own financial market is too weak. Even a small outflow and inflow of capital in its impact. What can I do? You can, for example, some countries set limits short-term speculative resources through taxes. RG: And what about the international obligations, foreign exchange liberalization? Aksakov: We're not talking about imposing strict currency controls. The more "input" to determine the speculative money or not, is difficult. But if they are displayed in a few months, then they must obkladyvat higher taxes. Of course, solve the problem of regulation of such flows should be at the global level. But I fear this world will nevertheless soon. As for the restrictions on loans to state companies and banks, these proposals make sense only if we have external sources of funding will be able to replace internal resources. They are still limited. Rather, the opposite should introduce tax breaks for those foreign elements that go to upgrade production to upgrade. RG: And yet with what this year has more to risk: the outflow or inflow of capital? Aksakov: The situation is constantly changing. But in general, we expect capital inflows, particularly towards the end of the year. Our country is flooded with speculative money. Economic growth in the world has already begun, and who has fallen dramatically, the stronger push off from the "bottom". In my estimation, economic growth up to a year will be 5-7 percent. But mostly it is due to the effect of the previous fall. For long-term sustainable growth requires resources. RG: And how will affect banks' establishment of the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan? Aksakov: We now have to think about its transformation into a single economic space. Little time left, the political decision is made. A single economic space requires common standards in banking regulation on financial markets. We inevitably come to the creation of a single emission center, the total Central Bank, which is separated from the national regulators in the European Union. Next week we will start work in the association on the analysis of legislation and regulations in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, and regulating banking activity. For a start they need to analyze, then to develop the optimal rules. We have very good relations with Belarus and Kazakhstan Business Association, we will include them in his workgroup. RG: Where do we go, some of the countries most advanced in this area? Aksakov: Each country has its own advantages. But in the banking law has moved beyond all of Kazakhstan. They have a much could learn from. Financial market development strategy, adopted by the government, just for this aim.
No comments:
Post a Comment