Head of State Corporation, Alexander Turbanov admitted to the special correspondent of Trud "Tatiana Kalinnikov, that does not preclude the occurrence of a second wave of the crisis. But even if the banks will continue to bankrupt, at the DIA have enough money to pay their depositors. Alexander, before the crisis the agency had two functions - compensation payments to depositors of banks which had its license revoked, and the subsequent liquidation of these financial institutions. In the autumn you instructed to carry out procedures for rehabilitation of banks experiencing financial difficulties. How effective was the system of financial recovery? Sanitize the banks, we started a little over four months ago. Interim results are encouraging and we are encouraging. But some improvements are possible. For example, as an independent instrument of financial rehabilitation of banks in the law does not provide an Troubled Asset any specialized organization. This mechanism looks like this: if you have problems with the bank specifically authorized organization buys its assets have fallen in price because of the changing market conditions. The main part of such assets, as a rule, are loans to real sector of the economy. Since we are talking about distressed assets, in most cases to achieve complete and rapid repayment of the debt can not be redeemed. Therefore, it is usually restructured: the debt is paid off parts, extended his term of payment. As a result, to address other, equally important task - by supporting the real sector of the economy. While we can use this tool only as a subsidiary, since its application as a self requires an appropriate legal framework and special funding. State advisable to have it in the arsenal of anti-crisis measures as one of the main, because we do not exclude the onset of the second wave of the crisis, which, in our view, will be in the nature of the "crisis of distressed assets." At the expense of public funds to rescue banks Agency? Adoption in October last year a law on additional measures to strengthen the banking system was accompanied by amendments to the budget. In accordance with the agency allocated 200 billion rubles. In addition, we have been given an opportunity to finance the Bank of Russia. From the regulator we have received 106 billion rubles and 32 billion rubles from the use of funds provided to us by the federal budget. All in all healthy banks, we have sent 138 billion rubles. This money was spent only on the rescue, and in accordance with the concluded agreements, investors and banks that received these funds will have to return them. In a crisis, some lenders have become especially split contributions in order to receive insurance reimbursement. You apply to them any sanctions? The Agency, acting as the insurer, was repeatedly confronted with the facts of fraudulent activities associated with the attempt to illicitly obtaining insurance reimbursement. Take a crushing citizens of large deposits. Shortly before the revocation of the license is reissued on a large deposit of nominees to the contribution of each of them did not exceed the limit of coverage - 700 thousand rubles. Thus, the obligations of the bank improperly replaced by the obligation to deposit insurance fund. I recall that when the bank has revoked the license from the Insurance Fund to fully offset the contributions to 700 thousand Rubles. Anything over this amount is not covered by insurance, and paid off during the liquidation proceedings. Or another option. On the eve of revocation of the license in a fake bank deposits covered by insurance. This occurs by transferring funds from legal entities on account of individuals. Because the "living" there is no money in the bank, deposits are not paid, and payments are delayed, this transfer is carried out only on paper. That is, all signs of the imaginary transactions, which is conducted with the assistance of the bank's management solely for the purpose of illicitly obtaining insurance reimbursement from the DIA, as the means of legal entities to the system of deposit insurance does not cover. For these episodes have already filed three criminal cases. We have identified more than 400 "breaker", and if the fraudulent actions of this kind were not halted, the damage insurance fund would amount to about 1,5 billion rubles. Which means now has an insurance fund agency? At this point in the fund 77.6 billion rubles. Since the crisis DIA to pay depositors of about 13 billion rubles, and this amount many times greater than the one that we will refund in previous years. Over the entire period of the deposit insurance system, that is for five years, there has been 63 insurance cases (28 of which occurred during the crisis). The aggregate amount of payments to depositors amounted to 15.9 billion rubles. How many banks we can lose in 2009? Agency estimates, the avalanche of bankruptcies we did not expect. Last year, licenses have been revoked from 33 banks, including the last three months - from 19 banks. Another eight moved on to the market by launching the procedure for voluntary liquidation. This year the number of bankruptcies may increase slightly. Projection that we gave, beginning work on rehabilitation of credit institutions, does not change. Twenty banks have already gone through, this year we can pass another twenty, I would say - from zero to twenty. Will there be enough insurance fund, if the banks will die at such a rate? The size of the insurance fund, we estimate as sufficient. He formed with some margin, and it should be sufficient to make payments to depositors, even if not the most favorable scenario. Besides the funds allocated for sanitation and insurance fund work in the mode of communicating vessels: if we spend money on rehabilitation of the bank, therefore, not an insured event occurs and we save the fund. In what currency is paid the insurance compensation? Does the fund an additional burden because of sharp fluctuations in exchange rates? Insurance compensation is paid in rubles at the exchange rate on the date of license revocation. By law, payment of insurance compensation, we begin not later than 14 days from the date of revocation of license of the bank - this, incidentally, one of the short timing of the payments in the world. Fund under the insurance claim on foreign currency deposits virtually nothing to lose. Quarterly dues of banks in the fund are levied on foreign currency deposits in rubles and also increase in overall terms in accordance with the growth rate of foreign currency. In addition, the agency may invest temporarily free resources of the fund in foreign securities. However, we do not do this because we believe that the money in this difficult time to work on the Russian economy. Depositors of failed banks receive from the agency only the principal amount of the deposit or interest? All interest due on the deposit charged on the day preceding the revocation of a license, added to the principal amount of the deposit and included in the calculation of insurance compensation. If you placed the deposit for a year at 10%, and six months later an insured event occurs, then, accordingly, you will be credited 5%. In recent years, investors preferred to place funds in foreign currency deposits. Do you think you will recover whether citizens' confidence in the ruble? Yes, in recent years the share of foreign currency deposits is growing rapidly: in the fourth quarter of 2008 increased by 13 percentage points in January, 2009 - by 7. As a result, today about one-third of all deposits formed at the expense of foreign currency. Although it is still early in the last year the volume of foreign currency deposits has been steadily and surely declining, while their share in total did not exceed 14%. The explanation for this trend is simple: after a sufficiently long period of stability of the ruble has been a sharp decline in its value against other currencies. Depositors and decided to err, converted part of ruble deposits in foreign currency. I believe that the ruble will continue to define the behavior of depositors. Once he is stabilized, a significant increase in foreign currency deposits will no longer be observed. I believe that this will happen in March. So the credibility of the Russian ruble as a way to preserve savings being exhausted. For example, your obedient servant, has no foreign currency deposits, and converted into euros and dollars is not going to. As head of the Deposit Insurance Agency has chosen the bank, which has entrusted its ruble account? At that citizens need to pay attention to avoid mistakes when choosing a credit institution? If I am deployed describe their selection criteria, you guessed which bank I keep the savings. I think I, like everyone else, have the right to confidentiality of the deposit. A general rule has long been known: no need to chase the high interest rates. I follow him faithfully. Friends often ask my advice, which bank is better to place the money, expecting that I will call a list of specific banks. Such boards, I usually do not give, but one could not deny a friend and told him to choose the order of seven banks, which, in my opinion, offers a good rate and a good look at the financial state. This is a fundamentally important point - to assess the financial position of the bank. I understand that not every investor is a virtue, so to protect their interests is worth DIA. So, the reactions of others on the proposed list of struck me: "Is this an attractive interest?" - He said with a sour expression on his face. I replied that the rate is quite respectable, and reliable banks. Naively thought that the last argument has affected him. When it came time of crisis, friend called me and asked about the financial situation of a bank, not one of these myself. I realized that my advice is not followed, and choose a bank that promised the greatest return for the deposit. That bank was indeed in a difficult situation, and this is already reported the media.
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