"News" managed to find out the details in advance. How the Ministry of Economic Development proposes to make the transition to the innovation track, in an exclusive interview with Izvestia "Anastasia Savinykh told the director of the department of strategic management and budgeting MAYOR Oleg Fomichev. "If we do not start the process without getting into a new global" technology wave "in: On the innovation they all say. But few clear and simple words can explain some of their sense of ...: According to recent research by McKinsey "More than half the backlog of labor at our facilities from foreign counterparts can be compensated only by improving business processes. Even to implement any technology is not necessary. It's cheap innovation. They do not require research and development (R & D), and may be made on the basis of a contract with consultants. But we're talking about his plan to technological innovation. This is the specific technologies and products that are created on the basis of advances in science and technology and are new to the market. Q: Why is the LED in a hurry with technological innovations? about: The problem is that technological innovation is not quickly made. Looking relevant scientific and technical base, we need mechanisms to transform research ideas into products and technologies. If we do the development process of technological innovation does not run, we skip changing technological order, do not get into a new global "technology wave", which already covers the world. then our economy has medium-term prospects are bad, not to mention the long term. In: Some people think that this is no time to think about upgrading, the legs stand and it's good, but innovation will wait post-crisis times. about: The situation is really very complicated. But another time will not. Crisis - an incentive for companies to start moving. First, cut costs, then - to innovate. crisis so useful, that encourages enterprises as quickly as possible to pass the first stage - the stage reduce costs. We are already seeing. In: The impression is that companies innovate any perceived with hostility ... A: Well, no. In a crisis, even those businesses that are before the crisis, were ready to do that, now do not have the capacity to borrow for innovative projects. And this is a common problem throughout the economy. We're working on it and in the general crisis of a government plan and the plan of action to stimulate innovation. We must create the "innovative incentives" for businesses and to support them with necessary support from the State ". In 2010, some progress will be in: According to plan the transition to a socially oriented economy should happen in 2012. To be honest, it is hard to believe ... about: By 2012, it is assumed that we must lay the groundwork for such transition. Here we are now doing. The transition itself on an innovative model of the economy should occur by the year 2018-2020. Perhaps, specific "digital" parameters of such a transition will exchange compared with the ones that laid down by the Concept-2020, but in general, and general dynamics, and priorities do not change. If you now will unleash the funding situation, with borrowed money, with state support (which is some doubt - we have the budget to be rather strictly optimized in the next year), then there are options in 2010 which something innovative advances will be. In: Employers recognize the need for innovation? A: In general, realize it. But more while on the words. However, there is reason for optimism. Except "Krupnyakov, which have political significance and which suffers most from crisis and goes for the support, much of the other companies, especially medium and feels quite confident. They have not been spoiled with cheap borrowed money abroad, state. In this sense they were more competitive. Although they are now also reduces the production, there also are firing workers. But they clearly imagine all of their prospects. And at the same time feel more or less confident and even an optimistic look into the future, assuming that the crisis will help get rid of the large inefficiencies. It is for this category of enterprises is now the main hope in terms of innovation . In: In building an innovative system we have for someone guided or go their own way? A: The world is full of good practices. My own bike, we almost never invent. Most of our innovation infrastructure created in the image of American and European samples. But we have in the past 10 years has formed its own model - based on what we have all borrowed. Now, what happened - have our own model, and it no longer apply a standard approach, used in other countries. The main drawback is its that, unfortunately, created still does not provide an effective transformation of scientific knowledge in a particular product. "Incentives may only be economically administered" in: How does the government intends to stimulate innovation? about: We divided the whole plan into several blocks. The first - a concrete action to support those companies that already operate in the market. The goal - to convince them to introduce innovations in their work. The second part - the tools to support new companies that would be created from scratch and would be immediately innovative, knowledge-intensive. This so-called innovative new businesses. The third block - the definition of public technological priorities. Simply put, the definition of those points where the government will invest the money. Finally, the last block in the action plan devoted to innovation in the public sector. In it we are trying to register both economic and administrative incentives. We have a huge public sector - education, health, plus one hundred percent state-owned enterprises, enterprises with a high degree of state participation. There's innovation and did not smell, and the possibility, in principle, great. Here we try to hold the doctrine of "soft coercion" to innovate. In: So will still be forced to go there there are no economic incentives. A: That's true. Economic incentives are very few. In natural monopoly system is understandable. There are tariffs, which they are asked to raise each year, there are some ongoing activities in mining, transportation and sale. And for centuries all this has changed. If you raise tariffs to the extent to which they are asking them to nothing more is needed. After all, they no one competes, the rate of return they rate mortgage, the threat of ruin no. Therefore, incentives may only be economically administered. In companies with state participation is about the same situation. In most cases, however, operate in a competitive environment. But here, too, is best suited mechanism of influence from above. natural monopolies and state corporations, we propose to develop and adopt innovative development program. We want to formulate the requirements for such programs and establish an institution for an external independent evaluation of the developed programs and monitoring their implementation. In: Public Employment will also compose the effectiveness of the program? about: While for the non-competitive sectors, we have not invented anything better. And for the budget sector, we offer reflect on the improvement of public procurement system, including in health and education so that they too were more focused innovation. It is necessary to establish some indicators of innovativeness of the product to be able to give signals to our producers for 2-3 years in advance. Well, for example: the state after 3 years planning to purchase equipment with a performance and technology. Work, get ready. In: Just snap the whip can not. We need the same and the stick? about: A cake we have. It is true that in 2010 we can not seriously expect fiscal instruments to support innovation. The budget will be very "compressed". In 2010, we will try to put more emphasis placed on organizational things and indirect incentives. In the end, we have registered click on the elaboration of possible tax benefits. For example, provided for exemption from property tax in the first year of operation of the new energy efficient equipment. We would like to reduce the tax burden on the payroll of engineering companies and enterprises of IT-sphere. There are a number of other measures. It will be a very difficult question matching - especially, of course, Ministry of Finance.
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